Governance in Nepal

Governance
Governance is the way in which authority in a country is exercised. In another word governance is way in which decision is made and how thus made decisions are implemented for common interest or not. There are generally not measures of governance. However World Bank has made 3oo criteria for measuring governance which fall into
• Voice a accountability
• Political stability and absence of major violence terrorism
• States of corruptions
• Rule of laws
• Regularity of quality
• Government effectiveness

Based on these criteria, it is said that good government includes economics dimension political dimension institutional dimension. Government is main actor of political dimension which enforces the law and participation of almost all sectors, genders races in decision making process then make the governance sustainable and stable. In case of Nepal, it is marred with political instability. Until todays the country is unable to get new prime minister although former prime minister resigned from his post 4 months ago. In important posts of different organizations ranging from school to ministries, people are appointed in political basis. This system is eventually weakening democracy where all citizens are waiting for new democratic constitution. Biggest party i.e. Nepal Communist Party Maoism & third biggest party Unified Marxism and Leninism have established semi- militarized body in name of Young Communist League &Youth Force consequently. This is weakening security system of government. There is little access of government in rural areas which has been center of YCL where no people can express their view against bad works of YCL and Maoist, if they express they have to suffer from heavy physical loss. Even university and Medias are unsafe. For example I am a university student. Before 2 years ago, YCL attacked us and we were injured severely. Similarly we can take the attack of YCL on Himal National Daily as example. Extortion has been daily routine of YCL and Youth Force. Company owners are tired due to the extortion. Many thousands of people are bounded to leave their home as the Maoist cadres are still capturing their land and home.

Governance and Anti-Corruption
Good governance is an ideological concept and similar to anti-corruption. When there is good governance in a country, the decision making process is transparent and voice of even minority is heard. Due to this concerned organization or people are unable to do corruption. (Explain this in more detail. How does transparency and participation combat corruption specifically?) In case of Nepal, in decision making process only planning officers and the main officers of the organizations are involved and money obtained for implementing the plans are used by them. Later they are not punished by the government as ministers are also corrupted.2-3 months ago, in deforestation, the direct involvement of forest minister Deepak Bohara was reported according to Medias and civil society but the PM couldn't do anything. If there were no transition, no political instability and was rule of law i.e. good governance, then such activities would never happen. This expresses relation between good governance and anti-corruption. Such issues of involvement of political leaders in corruption are heard frequently. In famous Lauda and Dhamija airlines Corruption issues, former late prime Minister was reported to be directly involved but nothing happened against him. (Great example to explain how corruption exists where good governance is lacking)

Good Governance and Support to Entrepreneurship
Good governance provides democratic right to every investor to invest money. It also creates condition for people to establish their own enterprise. When threat such as extortions is available; no one wants to establish enterprise as there is no guarantee of success of his enterprise. In case of Nepal many multinational companies have left due to activities of workers belonging to Maoist. Closing of Surya Cigarette Company, different cement industries, different five star hotels due to the activities of Maoists workers are general in Nepal. Besides this there is no insurance to the company owner in government level. This is lessening the number of entrepreneurs in Nepal and also increasing brain drain as well. This doesn't mean that in Nepal there are no entrepreneurs. Famous Ramon Magassese Prize laureate Mahabir Pun is successful entrepreneur who is conducting his occupation in the field of wireless internet connection in rural areas of Nepal. (Another great example)

Conclusion
Nepal is in peace process since 2006.Hope of all citizens is that they will get good governance after getting new federal democratic constitution. But achievements we have gained today are not satisfactory as problems of extortions, bribery, and political appointment are still prevalent. Due to this many of those people who are able to establish enterprises are leaving nation but many of them are running their own enterprises. But if possible, the government must go ahead for making provision of insurance to those entrepreneurs.

Overall you have done a great job with this essay. Your use of real examples from Nepal supports your argument nicely.

References
•www.nepalnews.com/archive/2008/nov12/news01.php
•www.hindustantimes.com/In-Nepal-Maoists-dictionary-extortion-means-donation/Article1-538574.aspx.
•www.nepalmonitor.com/2008/12/deploring_attacks_himalmedia_other_newsoutlets.html.
•http://hamropalo.com/nepal_news/12-students-injured-in-ycl-attack.html.
• Daniel Kaufmann: Article Name` Back to Basics 10 Myths about Governance and Corruption` Finance and Development Magazine, September 2005, Volume 42, Number
3

• www.wikipedia.org/governance


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